EV Dictionary
Search and browse electric vehicle terminology. Understand battery, charging, drivetrain, and other EV concepts.
417 terms
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10–80% Charging Time
The 10–80% charging time measures one defined fast-charging window under stated conditions.
360-Degree Camera
How multiple near-range cameras create a composite view around the vehicle for maneuvering.
400-Volt Architecture
A 400-volt architecture is an approximate voltage class, not a fixed battery voltage or charging guarantee.
800V Architecture
A higher-voltage EV system that can reduce current at a given power.
A
AC Charging
Charging in which AC reaches the vehicle and its onboard charger converts it to DC for the traction battery.
Accelerator Map and Torque-Request Map
Accelerator and torque-request maps turn pedal input into controlled axle or motor torque commands.
Acoustic Laminated Glass
How sound-damping laminated glass reduces selected wind and road noise entering an EV cabin.
Active Road-Noise Control and Active Noise Cancellation
How active audio systems reduce selected cabin noise without replacing passive insulation.
Active Roll Stabilization
Active roll stabilization uses powered actuators to create or vary anti-roll torque.
Active Suspension
Active suspension uses powered actuators to apply suspension forces beyond passive damping and spring response.
Active, Passive, and Post-Crash Safety
How active, passive, and post-crash safety protect people before, during, and after a collision.
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
Adaptive cruise control adjusts vehicle speed to maintain a selected following gap while the driver supervises.
Adaptive Dampers (CDC/CCD)
Adaptive dampers vary their force characteristic using electronic control, sensor data, and selected vehicle modes.
Adaptive Headlights
Adaptive headlights alter beam direction or distribution as driving, road, and traffic conditions change.
Adaptive Regeneration
Adaptive regeneration varies deceleration using traffic, route, road, driver, and vehicle conditions.
Adaptive Suspension
Adaptive suspension changes one or more chassis characteristics according to conditions, sensors, or drive mode.
ADAS Processor
An ADAS processor runs perception, decision, and control software for driver-assistance functions.
Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)
Vehicle functions that assist with driving, warnings, braking, or monitoring.
Aerodynamic Drag
Speed, wind, air density, Cd, and frontal area determine the aerodynamic drag acting on a vehicle.
AI Voice Assistant
A voice assistant uses speech and language processing to handle requests and selected vehicle functions.
Air Suspension
A suspension system that supports the vehicle body with pressurized air springs.
Airbag Types
A quick guide to frontal, side, curtain, knee and centre airbags and the protection zones they cover.
All-Wheel Drive (AWD)
All-wheel drive can send propulsion torque to both the front and rear axles.
Ampere-Hour (Ah)
A unit of electric charge used for cell and battery capacity; one ampere-hour equals 3,600 coulombs.
Android Auto
Android Auto projects supported Android phone apps through a compatible vehicle interface.
Android Automotive OS, Google Built-In, and Google Automotive Services
AAOS is the embedded platform; Google built-in and GAS add an optional licensed Google service package.
Animal-Free Materials, Vegan Leather, and Synthetic Leather
How animal-free, vegan-leather, and synthetic-leather labels differ in vehicle interiors.
Anode
The battery electrode that releases electrons during discharge and receives lithium ions during charging.
Anti-Dive and Anti-Squat
Anti-dive and anti-squat route longitudinal tire forces to alter body pitch through suspension geometry.
Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)
An anti-lock braking system modulates brake pressure to prevent sustained wheel lock during hard braking.
Anti-Pinch Protection
How powered vehicle closures detect obstructions, limit force, and stop or reverse across different systems.
Anti-Roll Bar
An anti-roll bar is a torsion spring linking the left and right suspension to resist differential motion.
Apple CarPlay and CarPlay Ultra
CarPlay projects an iPhone interface; CarPlay Ultra adds deeper integration across supported vehicle displays.
Approach Angle
Approach angle is the maximum ramp angle a vehicle can approach without front-overhang contact.
Approved Seating Position and Physical Seat
Why an approved travel position is not the same as a visible, removable, or marketed seat.
Augmented-Reality Head-Up Display
An AR head-up display aligns selected guidance graphics with apparent locations in the road scene.
Auto Hold
Auto hold keeps a stopped vehicle stationary after brake-pedal release and disengages when movement is requested.
Automated Lane Change
How automated lane change evaluates an adjacent lane and performs a supervised lateral maneuver.
Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)
Automatic emergency braking can apply the brakes when a collision is imminent and driver response is insufficient.
Automatic Emergency Steering (AES)
Automatic emergency steering can steer to avoid or mitigate a collision when defined conditions are met.
Automatic High-Voltage Disconnect and Pyrotechnic Fuse
How automatic and pyrotechnic devices isolate an EV high-voltage circuit after a collision.
Automatic Parking
How automatic parking senses a space and controls part or all of a supervised parking maneuver.
Automotive Bluetooth Profiles
Bluetooth profiles define compatible functions such as calls, audio, controls, contacts, messages, and networking.
Automotive Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
How an automotive DSP applies crossovers, equalization, timing, mixing, and protection in a vehicle audio system.
Automotive Leather Types
How full-grain, corrected-grain, split, bonded, and Nappa leather terms differ.
Auxiliary Energy Consumption
Heating, cooling, pumps, electronics, and thermal management consume energy beyond wheel propulsion.
Average Charging Power
Average charging power relates energy added to elapsed charging time over a stated interval.
Axial-Flux Motor
An axial-flux motor routes magnetic flux along the shaft axis, creating a short, disc-shaped package.
B
Back Electromotive Force (Back-EMF)
Back-EMF is the voltage a spinning motor generates in opposition to the voltage driving it.
Base Speed, Constant-Torque, and Constant-Power Regions
Base speed separates current- and voltage-limited operation, shaping constant-torque and constant-power regions.
Battery as a Service (BaaS)
A battery subscription model that separates access to the traction battery from ownership of the EV.
Battery Buffer
Energy kept outside all or part of the normal driver-facing range to protect and control an EV battery.
Battery Cell
The basic electrochemical unit inside an EV battery, combined with other cells to form modules or a complete pack.
Battery Degradation
How EV batteries lose capacity over time and what influences the rate.
Battery Internal Resistance
The effective resistance inside a battery that causes voltage change, heat, and power limits under load.
Battery Management System (BMS)
The controls that monitor, estimate, and protect an EV battery pack.
Battery Module
An interconnected, protected group of battery cells used alone or as an intermediate pack level.
Battery Operating Window
The cell-charge range the BMS permits, bounded by upper and lower limits that protect and control the battery.
Battery Pack
The complete traction-battery unit installed in an EV, built from connected cells or modules.
Battery Passport
An electronic record that tracks regulated identity and lifecycle information for an individual EV battery.