LiDAR
LiDAR, short for light detection and ranging, is a sensor that emits laser light and measures returned reflections to estimate the distance and direction of objects. Repeated measurements form a three-dimensional set of points around the vehicle.
What it does
Automotive LiDAR scans a field of view and calculates range from light travel time or another optical measurement method. Processing groups the resulting point cloud into surfaces and possible objects. LiDAR provides precise geometric information, but classification and tracking normally require software and may be combined with cameras or radar.
Range, resolution, scanning method, and wavelength vary. Rain, fog, snow, spray, dirt, direct sunlight, dark or highly reflective materials, and other sensors can affect returns. A point cloud is not a guarantee that every hazard has been identified, and packaging can leave blind areas.
For architectures, measurement principles, and sensor fusion, see Automotive Lidar Sensors.