State of Power (SoP)
State of power (SoP) is a battery-management estimate of the maximum electrical power a battery can safely accept or deliver over a defined time horizon.
What SoP means
The battery management system normally calculates separate charge and discharge limits. These limits depend on state of charge, temperature, voltage, current, battery condition, and whether the estimate covers a short peak or sustained operation. SoP can therefore change even when the battery's stored energy has barely changed.
SoP is not the same as State of Charge (SoC) or State of Energy (SoE), which describe stored charge or energy. It is also not the electric motor's current output. A vehicle may request less power than the battery can supply, while other drivetrain limits can prevent the vehicle from using the full battery limit. Peak and continuous SoP must be stated separately because a short pulse may not be sustainable.
For the detailed estimation and control process, see Battery Management System.