Brake-by-Wire
Brake-by-wire transmits the driver's braking request electronically to a controller and brake actuators instead of relying on a direct mechanical connection for normal operation.
How it works
Pedal sensors measure the request, while redundant electronics command hydraulic pressure or electromechanical wheel brakes. The controller can coordinate driver input, stability functions, assistance systems, and regenerative braking. System architectures and fallback strategies differ; “by-wire” does not by itself identify whether the wheel brakes are hydraulic or electromechanical.
Brake-by-wire is also distinct from blended braking. A vehicle can blend regenerative and friction braking without removing the normal pedal-to-hydraulic connection. EV friction brakes and brake blending
The design must still provide the redundancy and fault response required for safe braking, but the exact implementation varies by platform.