Cell-to-Module (CTM)
Cell-to-module (CTM) is a battery-pack approach in which individual cells are assembled into modules before those modules are installed in the complete pack. The shorthand is sometimes used as a contrast to cell-to-pack, but it is not a universally standardized industry term.
How it differs
A module can combine cells with electrical interconnects, thermal components, mechanical restraint, sensors, module-level electronics, terminals, and an enclosure. It creates a defined manufacturing and test unit between the cell and the pack. The exact contents vary, and a module-based design does not necessarily make modules replaceable during vehicle service.
CTM retains the intermediate module layer that Cell-to-Pack (CTP) removes or reduces. This describes packaging architecture, not cell chemistry: the same chemistry and cell format can be used in different integration designs. Pack-level cooling, protection, controls, and structural choices still determine the practical result.
For the deeper comparison of module-based and module-less pack structures, see Battery Pack & Configuration.