WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure)
WLTP stands for Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure — a global standard for measuring vehicle range, energy consumption, and emissions under laboratory conditions.
How It Works
The WLTP test cycle simulates a mix of driving conditions across four phases: low speed (city), medium speed (suburban), high speed (rural road), and extra-high speed (motorway). The test covers about 23 km over 30 minutes, with speeds up to 131 km/h.
For EVs, the WLTP test produces a combined range figure representing how far the vehicle can travel on a full charge under these mixed conditions. Some manufacturers also publish separate city and highway figures.
The test is conducted at 23 degrees Celsius with climate control off, which means real-world range in cold or hot weather — or at sustained high speeds — will typically be lower than the official WLTP number.
Why It Matters
WLTP range is the primary specification used to compare EVs in Europe and many other markets. While no laboratory test perfectly predicts real-world range, WLTP provides a consistent basis for comparison between models.
As a rule of thumb, real-world range is typically 10–25% lower than the WLTP figure, depending on driving style, speed, temperature, and accessory use. Highway driving at 120 km/h or cold weather can reduce range by 30% or more compared to the WLTP number.
Common Values
- City cars: 200–350 km WLTP
- Compact/mid-size: 350–550 km WLTP
- Premium/large: 500–700+ km WLTP
- Real-world factor: expect roughly 75–90% of the official WLTP figure