EV Dictionary: Basics

Battery Degradation

The gradual loss of an EV battery's capacity and performance over time and usage. Modern EV batteries typically retain 80-90% capacity after 8-10 years of normal use.

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)

A vehicle powered entirely by an electric battery with no internal combustion engine. BEVs produce zero tailpipe emissions and are charged from external electricity sources.

DC Fast Charging

High-power charging that delivers direct current (DC) straight to the battery, bypassing the car's on-board charger. DC fast chargers can add significant range in 15–45 minutes.

EPA Range

The official EV range rating used in the United States, measured by the Environmental Protection Agency. EPA figures tend to be more conservative than WLTP and closer to real-world driving.

Euro NCAP

The European New Car Assessment Programme, an independent organization that crash-tests vehicles and rates their safety on a 0-to-5-star scale covering adult protection, child protection, pedestrian safety, and safety assist features.

Frunk (Front Trunk)

A storage compartment in the front of an EV where a combustion engine would normally be located. The frunk provides extra cargo space unique to electric vehicles.

Kilowatt-hour (kWh)

A unit of energy used to measure EV battery capacity. One kWh equals the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power sustained for one hour.

OTA Update (Over-the-Air)

A wireless software update delivered to the vehicle remotely, without requiring a visit to a dealer. OTA updates can improve features, fix bugs, and even enhance performance after purchase.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

A vehicle that combines an electric motor and battery with a conventional internal combustion engine. PHEVs can drive a limited range on electricity alone before the engine takes over.

Range Anxiety

The fear or concern that an EV's battery will run out of charge before reaching the destination or a charging station. A common worry among new EV owners that typically fades with experience.

WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure)

A standardized testing procedure used to measure EV range and energy consumption. WLTP figures are the primary range specification for vehicles sold in Europe.