Approach Angle
Approach angle is the greatest ramp angle a vehicle can approach without the front overhang contacting the surface, under the stated measurement conditions. It is determined by the front tyre contact area and the lowest relevant point ahead of the front axle.
What changes the angle
A shorter front overhang and greater ground clearance generally increase approach angle. Load, tyre size and pressure, suspension mode, aerodynamic devices, and optional body equipment can change the usable clearance. Air suspension may therefore produce different figures at different ride heights.
Approach angle is a static geometric measure, not a promise of off-road capability. It does not describe traction, underbody protection, wading depth, breakover clearance, or the effect of suspension movement. A soft surface or sharply shaped obstacle can also produce a different real-world outcome from a smooth test ramp.
Compare figures only when the vehicle configuration and measurement conditions match. Departure angle describes the corresponding limit at the rear. See Vehicle Dimensions and Mass for the wider set of dimensions.