Departure Angle
Departure angle is the greatest ramp angle a vehicle can leave without the rear overhang contacting the surface, under the stated measurement conditions. It is defined by the rear tyre contact area and the lowest relevant point behind the rear axle.
What changes the angle
A shorter rear overhang and greater ground clearance generally increase departure angle. A tow hitch, diffuser, spare-wheel carrier, mudflaps, or other low-mounted equipment can reduce the practical clearance. Load, tyres, and adjustable suspension height also matter.
Departure angle is not a complete off-road rating. It says nothing about traction, underbody protection, breakover angle, wading depth, or how the suspension moves over an obstacle. The rear of a heavily loaded vehicle may sit lower than it does in the configuration used for a headline specification.
Compare values only when the measurement conditions and equipment match. Approach angle is the corresponding front limit, while breakover angle concerns contact near the middle of the wheelbase. See Vehicle Dimensions and Mass for related dimensions.