EV Dictionary: Technology

800V Architecture

A high-voltage electrical system that operates at approximately 800 volts instead of the conventional 400V. 800V architecture enables faster charging, lighter wiring, and improved efficiency.

ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems)

A collection of electronic systems that assist the driver with safety and driving tasks. ADAS features include adaptive cruise control, lane keeping, automatic emergency braking, and more.

Air Suspension

A suspension system that uses air-filled bellows instead of traditional steel springs. Air suspension allows adjustable ride height, improved comfort, and can lower the vehicle at speed for better aerodynamics and efficiency.

Battery Management System (BMS)

The electronic control system that monitors and manages an EV's battery pack. The BMS controls charging, discharging, temperature, cell balancing, and safety to maximize battery life and performance.

Cell-to-Pack (CTP)

A battery design approach that integrates cells directly into the pack structure, eliminating the intermediate module layer. CTP increases energy density by using space more efficiently.

Heat Pump

An energy-efficient climate control system that moves heat rather than generating it, significantly reducing the range impact of cabin heating in cold weather.

LFP Battery (Lithium Iron Phosphate)

A lithium-ion battery chemistry using iron phosphate as the cathode material. LFP batteries are known for long cycle life, high safety, lower cost, and tolerance for charging to 100%.

NMC Battery (Nickel Manganese Cobalt)

A lithium-ion battery chemistry using nickel, manganese, and cobalt in the cathode. NMC batteries offer high energy density for longer range but at higher cost than LFP.

On-Board Charger (OBC)

A component inside the EV that converts AC electricity from home and public AC chargers into DC electricity that can be stored in the battery. The on-board charger's power rating limits AC charging speed.

OTA Update (Over-the-Air)

A wireless software update delivered to the vehicle remotely, without requiring a visit to a dealer. OTA updates can improve features, fix bugs, and even enhance performance after purchase.

Torque Vectoring

A system that distributes driving torque independently between wheels to improve cornering, stability, and traction. EVs with dual motors can implement torque vectoring electronically.

V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid)

Technology that allows an EV to send stored electricity back to the power grid. V2G enables EVs to function as mobile energy storage, supporting grid stability and potentially earning revenue for the owner.

V2L (Vehicle-to-Load)

A feature that allows an EV to supply electrical power to external devices and appliances, effectively using the car's battery as a large portable power station.