Vehicle-to-Building (V2B)
Vehicle-to-building (V2B) is the use of energy stored in one or more electric vehicle batteries to supply or support the electrical loads of a commercial, institutional, or multi-unit building.
Typical uses
A V2B system can reduce a building's grid demand during expensive or constrained periods, support selected loads during an outage, or coordinate vehicle energy with onsite generation and stationary storage. Fleet vehicles with predictable parking periods can be especially useful because the controller can protect the energy needed for their next trips.
The complete system can include compatible vehicles, bidirectional EVSE, site metering, a building energy-management system, electrical protection, and operating rules for allocating power among vehicles and building loads.
Important boundary
V2B describes where the exported power is used. It does not by itself mean that the building exports electricity to the public grid or participates in a grid-services market. Grid-connected export can add interconnection, metering, market, and utility requirements. Backup operation may instead require the building or protected circuits to be isolated from the grid.
V2B also differs from ordinary managed charging, which can reduce a building's peak demand by controlling charging without returning energy from the vehicles.
For the broader architecture, see Bidirectional Charging. Compare Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G).